Warm blasts of wind embraced Essays

Warm impacts of wind grasped Essays Warm impacts of wind grasped Essay Warm impacts of wind grasped Essay Warm impacts of wind grasped the figure in white standing in solitude amidst the green grasses and weeds in the open field. He shivered in light of the fact that despite the fact that the day was great, there was an uncomfortable inclination in the environment. He made a couple of strides in reverse since looking eastwards, the sun was blinding him. He pivoted and ran into an entryway that appeared to show up out of nowhere. He was confused for a second as he came to advance to open the entryway. Simply at that point, hints of a flying creature originated from up above and he turned his head upwards to examine it. It was a seagull flying high up in the sky in an orderly fashion heading directly over top of him.As the flying creature drew nearer to him, it bowed his head down to take a gander at the man dressed in white, looking, at that point it let go of a letter it was clutching with his back legs. The feathered creature made him anxious; its eyes were cold and dormant. The envelop e dropped a meter before him and continued moving on the ground as the breeze moved it around yet it didn't lift of the ground. He attempted to push ahead to get it however solidified at that time as he turned upward in the sky once more. The sky above was not, at this point splendid blue with the yellow sun sparkling above; it was turning dim as the mists concealed the sun. He felt uncomfortable as though he was in a bad dream. He felt decimation coming towards him, he yearned for the devastation yet his brain ached for a course to take, to get away from the nightmares.Santiago stepped back. His brain dashed with pictures of death, bloodsheds, tears and blame on appearances of individuals he doesn't perceive. He moved in an opposite direction from the letter, further and further. The pictures didn't stop. They overwhelmed his cerebrum. His spirit was being tormented with these pictures. He shut his eyes trusting they would leave yet they didn't, they turned out to be all the more s hocking and he had to open his eyes. The bad dreams were out of nowhere genuine. There were individuals all over the place. They were wearing whitefaces shading drenchedlifeless eyes. They were the deserted heavenly attendants. He was encircled in an ocean of white. There were not just adults.There were kids, many them, beyond what he could conceivable envision, all wearing white. All of them was watching two figures in front of them figures dressed completely in red. The two figures just stood straight in front of him and gazed at Santiago like a sculpture. Not all that much. No stable made. Close to him a pale skinned person youngster was asking, moving his lips, unobtrusively framing his supplication, approaching god for absolution, for leniency. The scene was frequenting. He needed to get away yet he realized it was unrealistic. For a second he shut his eyes once more, and like a magnet he was pulled in to the entryway that had returned behind him. His hands were then stuck oppo site to the entryway and his legs shaping a topsy turvy v against it. He opened his eyes and saw the two red figures despite everything remaining similarly situated. He attempted to move yet it was no utilization. The individuals around him were drawing around the two figures in red as though they were possessed.Frozen similarly situated, he had to watch the group. The manikins and their lords stopped for what appeared hours to take a gander at him. They gradually began to knock some people's socks off, with the exception of now the pale essences of the whole group was shrouded in dark red fluid. The little pale skinned person kid investigated his eyes, a similar shade as the fluid all over. They consumed into him, notice him. This young man, he saw everything in him. The red circles were loaded up with fulfillment. He felt sharp strokes of torment flowing through his despite everything body as He gripped his clench hands to prevent himself from shouting out in torment. He looked do wn his body. He had been sliced all over the place however no blood had come out. His white suit were flawless and his white shoes still shinning.There was no blood on the ground either. He gazed upward and understood that the dark red fluid that secured the essences of the group was most likely his blood. The entryway out of nowhere vanished; he tumbled to the ground slouched over and in torment however now allowed to move. He saw that the red chiefs were presently taking a gander at their feet holding blades shrouded in blood. They had cold grins on their faces, looking fulfilled. Something appeared to lie at the feet of the red leaders.He felt the resentment transmitting from the red heads as he gradually advanced toward where they stood. His breathing turned out to be most noticeably awful and yet he remained formed and upstanding, attempting to conceal the agony, the distress and the way that the group scared him. He was frightened. At the point when he arrived at the group, he pushed his way through them individually. He at long last arrived at the two red pioneers and followed their look to where a body lay at their feet looking familiar.Santiago felt a haze of misery drift over him as he suspected it might be somebody he adored. He twisted around and turned the dead body that lay looked down on the earth made progress. At that point he was incapacitated. The body was not somebody he adored. It was him. His once attractive look was currently cut off, swimming in blood. It was a similar dark red blood that secured the essences of the ocean of white that was encompassing him.The two figures presently saw him, grasping long wicked blades and looking considerably more cold and aloof than the fallen holy messengers. In a brief instant, similar to haze lifting off of his vision, the essences of the outsiders appeared more clear with subtleties. Be that as it may, they were not outsiders. The two figures in the red were two of his companions, the Vicario sibli ngs. The greater part of the appearances that met his were individuals he knew or adored. He felt sold out and sickened. Santiago attempted to stand up however the two siblings drove their grisly blades through his back. He shouted out in misery yet again no blood came out. Santiago came up short on vitality yet he despite everything battled to hold up. The group watched him anguish and didn't support him. Following a couple of moments they all began leaving him.The man wearing white currently lay in the messy field secured with his own blood, as the sky shouted out in torment over the departure of a saint. The fallen legend who was sold out by everybody he knew, everybody that had the ability to help him fizzled. Tears poured down from paradise, the virus body lay on the grass as day surrendered to the night and the super cold tears tormented the effectively dead body to another agonizing passing.

Duties of a Student free essay sample

The Institute will be available to all understudies who are qualified by its affirmation norms, notwithstanding nobody based on race, shading, religion, sex, pregnancy, sexual direction, sex character, sex articulation, age, Efforts will be made to search out and concede understudies of different financial foundations whose potential could be reached through a Rensselaer training. Planned understudies may, before entering the Institute, demand Institute guidelines, legally binding rights, commitments and obligations. Area B: The offices and administrations which are regularly accessible to understudies under the standards and guidelines of the Institute will be available to the entirety of its understudies regardless of race, shading, religion, sex, inclination, page 3 STATEMENT OF ADOPTION BY THE TRUSTEES The Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Student Bill Of Rights has been considered by the Trustees. So as to defend the privileges of all individuals from the Institute people group, certain particular guidelines and guidelines are necessary.Recognition of the Student Bill of Rights as in this communicated isn't proposed to restrain or confine a definitive obligation and authority of the Board of Trustees to declare and implement rules and guidelines sensibly predictable with the general standards set out in the Student Bill of Rights, which the Board of Trustees esteems important and fitting to the Rensselaer people group. By its very nature, the Student Bill of Rights can't be fruitful without comparing understudy duties and commitments which, despite the fact that they have not been illuminated in the report, should of need be viewed as a piece of it and ithout which it can't succeed.In receiving the archive on a basic level, the Trustees wish to clarify to all worried that their essential commitment, obligation and concern is to the greatest advantage of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute as an instructive establishment and that this record, similar to all other approach articulations and choices concerning the Institute, is dependent upon the proceeding with central control of the Board of Trustees. By no means will understudy charges or other Institute reserves be utilized to advance, indict, start, or protect an enemy continuing against the Institute without composed assent of the Institute. omestic brutality casualty, or some other premise denied by law. Age or year in school will not be utilized self-assertively as a reason for separation, however there might be substantial explanations behind differential access dependent on instructive objectives or portion of assets. The Institute will attempt to tie down equivalent access for all understudies to open offices in the nearby community.Section C: Every planned understudy will reserve the option to a composed clarification of the premise of qualification for monetary guide, and the necessities for continuation. Furthermore, beneficiaries of such guide will be given a clarification of the easons for change in money related guide that may happen in ensuing years. ARTICLE Ill: STUDENT-TEACHER RELATIONSHIP area A: The educator in the homeroom and in meeting will energize free conversation, request, and articulation. Understudies will be allowed to take contemplated special case to the information or perspectives offered in any course of study and to save judgment about issues of conclusion. Area B: Students will reserve the option to gain from and be educated by the educator about the systems and gauges by which they are to be graded.Student execution in course work will be valuated on a scholarly premis e, not on assessments or lead in issues irrelevant to scholastic norms. Understudies will have assurance through methodical systems against partial or whimsical assessment. Segment C: Information about understudy exercises, perspectives, convictions, and political affiliations which educators secure in the course oftheir fill in as teachers, consultants, and advocates will be viewed as classified. People who give secret articulations or composed decisions of capacity and character regarding an application where the understudy gives express consent or the arrival of such data are mindful August 201 0 to the beneficiary and to the subject similarly to be straightforward and reasonable in their judgment.ARTICLE CONFIDENTIALITY OF STUDENT RECORDS The Institute will distribute an unequivocal arrangement proclamation with respect to the data which is a piece of an understudies perpetual authority instructive record and the states of its divulgence. To limit the danger of inappropriate divulgence, scholarly, money related, disciplinary, and clinical records wil l be independent, and the states of access to each will be distributed in an unequivocal arrangement articulation. Transcripts f scholarly records will contain just data about scholastic status, and the understudy and their counsel will reserve the privilege to see these records whenever. Data from understudy records will be accessible just to approved people as controlled by the Institute or lawful guidelines. Different people, both nearby and off, will approach such records just with the express consent of the student.No instructive records will be kept which reflect as such the political exercises or convictions of understudies. Arrangements will likewise be made for occasional annihilation of latent non-scholastic and non-budgetary records. The understudy will reserve the privilege to view and challenge the substance of their official Institute records, aside from those identifying with their affirmations application and all records of the mental advising and clinical administrations, paying little heed to where such records might be truly found. ARTICLE V: FREEDOM IN STUDENT LIFE Section A: (1) Students will be allowed to sort out and join legal relationship to advance their basic interests.The strategies and activities of an understudy association will be dictated by the enrollment inside the cutoff points built up by the Rensselaer association (Institute understudy body) and other pp ropriate bodies inside the Institute. Connection with an extramural association will not of itself exclude an understudy association from acknowledgment by the Rensselaer Union. So as to get Rensselaer association acknowledgment, Page 4 understudy associations might be required to present a mission statement, measures for participation, rules of strategy, and a present rundown of officials. All Rensselaer Union associations, incorporating those partnered with an extra-painting association, will be available to every single qualified understudy without discrimination.Recognition will not suggest endorsement or objection to an associations points, bjectives, or approaches. (2) The forswearing of access to offices or decrease of assets will not be utilized by the Institute or the Rensselaer Union as a methods for control or concealment Of any legal movement. Rensselaer Union structure offices will be accessible for the utilization of all individuals from the Institute people group. Area B: (1) Students and understudy bunches will be allowed to look at and examine all inquiries important to them and to communicate assessments openly and secretly. They will be al lowed to help causes by systematic methods, including tranquil get together, which don't disturb the ordinary activity of he Institute. nless in any case approved, understudies and understudy bunches talk just for themselves in their open articulations or showings. (2) Students and understudy bunches will be permitted to welcome and to hear any individual based on their very own preference. Such understudies and gatherings will have a certifiable commitment to conform to Institute techniques which are intended to guarantee that for such an occasion there is sufficient readiness and security, and that such an occasion is led in a way proper to a scholarly network. The backers Of any occasion will clarify to the scholarly and t-huge networks that such sponsorship doesn't really infer endorsement or supports of the perspectives communicated, either by the supporting gathering or by the Institute.Section C: In the appointment of article obligation to singular understudies, the Rensselaer Union will give adequate publication opportunity to the understudy distributions and other media to keep up their respectability of dir ection as vehicles for mindful free August articulation in a scholastic network. To this end, the Rensselaer association will give composed explanation of the job of understudy media, the gauges o be utilized in their assessment, and the restrictions on control of their activity. Editors and administrators of understudy media will be liberated from self-assertive suspension or expulsion due to understudy, staff, managerial, or open dissatisfaction with publication strategy or substance. Just for legitimate and expressed causes will editors and chiefs be dependent upon expulsion and afterward just by precise and recommended strategies as set up by the Rensselaer Union. All Rensselaer Union distributed and financed understudy media will unequivocally state on the article or in other proper design that the sentiments xpressed there are not really those of the Institute or understudy body. Segment D: Students will be free, exclusively and on the whole, to communicate their perspectives on issues of institutional arrangement and on issues of general enthusiasm to the understudy body. The understudy body will have a methods for giving contribution on institutional strategy influencing scholarly and understudy affairs.The job of understudy government and the two its general and explicit duties will be made unequivocal, and the activities of the understudy government inside the zones of its locale will be looked into through deliberate endorsed strategies. ARTICLE VI: OFF-C AMPUS FREEDOM OF STUDENTS Section A: The Institutes understudies are the two residents of the country everywhere and individuals from the scholastic network. As residents, offcampus, understudies will appreciate a similar ability to speak freely, tranquil get together, and right Of request that different residents appreciate. Segment B: When the exercises of understudies bring about evident infringement of the law, staff from the Division of

Understanding Insight and Its Role in OCD

Understanding Insight and Its Role in OCD OCD Living With OCD Print Understanding Insight and Its Role in OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 20, 2020 nullplus/Getty Images More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions Insight is an important component of understanding obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). When someone is unable to recognize or acknowledge that their OCD symptoms are irrational, it presents a major challenge for patients, treatment providers, and  family members. Heres how insight impacts the diagnosis and treatment of OCD. Levels of Insight According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), one of the diagnostic criteria for OCD is that at some point in time, a person has recognized that the obsessions or compulsions they experience are “excessive or unreasonable.” Insight is the acknowledgment of the irrational nature of OCD symptoms. However, people who treat and study OCD have observed that people with the condition do not always recognize or agree that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational. In reality, it seems that insight exists on a continuum. Some people completely acknowledge that their symptoms do not make sense, while others have a very strong belief in the validity of their obsessions and compulsions. For this reason, the DSM-5 has been modified to include distinctions in levels of OCD insight, including good or fair insight, poor insight, and absent/insight delusional (a person views their OCD symptoms as completely rational and true). What Are OCD Obsessions? Insight also pertains to how a person views OCD in their day-to-day life. Someone with OCD may recognize the irrationality of their obsessions and compulsions but fail to understand or acknowledge that OCD has affected their ability to function. They may struggle at work or school and have issues with responsibilities at home that can be frustrating for family members. Children with OCD  are a unique situation as they usually dont have as much insight into their symptoms as adults do. Children simply lack the necessary life experience for a high level of insight and are often unable to grasp the irrational nature of their thoughts or behaviors. Parents and therapists can work together to help a child with OCD gain a different perspective on their symptoms. How OCD Is Different for Kids Insight Into OCD Symptoms and Treatment While there is some disagreement, poor or absent insight into OCD symptoms is thought to predict a worse response to psychological and medical treatments. Poor or absent insight can make it harder for someone with OCD to feel motivated, do the hard work that therapy requires, or stick to taking medication (especially if there are unpleasant side effects). People with poor insight may also be less likely to attend regular appointments or contact a healthcare provider at all. Common Cognitive Distortions in OCD Insight Into OCD Symptoms Can Change Insight into the excessive or unreasonable nature of obsessions and compulsions can fluctuate over time. For example, while obsessions or compulsions may at first seem completely reasonable or even helpful, a person may come to question these beliefs or behaviors over time. Insight can also change with a persons situation. For instance, while someone with OCD may be perfectly able to acknowledge that their obsessions and compulsions do not make sense while sitting in the therapists office, they may nevertheless feel they have to engage in these behaviors or thoughts when confronted with the actual feared situation. Someone with OCD may have intellectual insight but lack emotional insight. Insight into OCD symptoms and the effect they have on functioning can also change after treatment with psychotherapy or medication. However, these changes usually occur slowly and can also fluctuate over time. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Constitutional Amendments, Bangladesh - 7320 Words

CONSTITUTION The fundamental law, written or unwritten, that establishes the character of a government by defining the basic principles to which a society must conform; by describing the organization of the government and regulation, distribution, and limitations on the functions of different government departments; and by prescribing the extent and manner of the exercise of its sovereign powers. A legislative charter by which a government or group derives its authority to act. The concept of a constitution dates to the city-states of ancient Greece. The philosopher Aristotle described a constitution as creating the frame upon which the government and laws of a society are built: A constitution may be defined as an organization of†¦show more content†¦However, amendments during socialist one party and military rule in Bangladesh radically altered the secular and liberal democratic nature of the constitution. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH AMENDMENTS CONSEQUENCES The original Constitution of Bangladesh introduced a parliamentary form of government with the President as its constitutional head. It provides a responsible executive, a non-sovereign legislature and an independent judiciary with appropriate separation of powers, and checks and balances among them. The supreme law of Bangladesh, the Constitution, confers only limited law making competence on Parliament. Parliament does not possess any intrinsic law-making power, which derives from the constitution. The parliament cannot make any law in contravention with the provisions of the constitution. The Constitution embodies the principle of ministerial responsibility, both individual and collective, to the parliament and ultimately to the people, the source of all powers in the republic. Bangladesh started its journey with a parliamentary form of democracy, derailed afterwards from the fundamental aspiration of democratic governance by introducing one-party political system with an all powerful head of the state – the President. ThereShow MoreRelatedHistory of Constitution Making Process in Bangladesh6929 Words   |  28 PagesMaking Process in Bangladesh Constitutional Law Constitution Constitutional law actually forms the backbone of public law. It is that branch of public law which determines the nature of the state, nature and structure of the government and its power, function, division of power among different constitutional organs, their relationship to each other and above all the relationship between the state and the individuals.[1] According to Maitland† while constitutional law deals   with structureRead MoreWomen s Status Of Women1668 Words   |  7 Pagesc. STATUS OF WOMEN IN BANGLADESH IN TERM OF SOCIAL JUSTICE Status of women in the society derives from different sources in Bangladesh. Unlike the western society Bangladeshi women hardly demand the absolute equality—equal share in parental property, full freedom and liberation as individuals. Rather they love to see their roles within social contexts and would prefer gender equity within the traditional framework. The status of women in our society can be explained from the social attitude andRead MoreGovernment And The Government Of Bangladesh3324 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction: Like many other countries of the world, Bangladesh government has also three organs; and the three organs are the combination of the government of Bangladesh. These three organs are the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. In order to run government, the three organs or branches of government has some relationship with one another. But the thinking matter of that if the three branches have very close relationship than there create a disorder of the government and it may beRead MoreThe Paradoxes of Bangladesh1980 Words   |  8 PagesBangladesh is a country of complex paradoxes; although it has made huge strides in economic growth, poverty reduction and development, the political scene remains volatile. In fact, several historical, social, and conditions and contextual factors remain at play, affecting the democratization process. Drawing upon a procedural definition of democracy, free, fair, and competitive elections and the guarantee of civil rights and civil liberties for the citizenry must exist in order to promote democratizationRead MoreEssay about Risk Based Bail System in Nsw5032 Words   |  21 PagesQ. ‘The bail legislation of Bangladesh is more focused on justification rather than ris k based approach’-discuss this statement and give a comparative description in this regard between Bangladesh and New South Wales. I. INTRODUCTION In the discourse of criminal justice system bail is one of the arenas which not only generates a huge adherence but also a significant assumption. There are lot considerations take into place when the question of enlarging bail is comes into existence. The court orRead MoreMobile courts and independence of judiciary1593 Words   |  7 Pagesjudicial system accessible to remote and backward areas and said, People generally go to courts to getjustice but today with mobile courts, the courts will come to the people. Pakistan also amended CrPc through the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Ordinance 2009. The provincial governments may appoint as many persons as it thinks fit to be magistrates of the first, second or third class in any district; and the sessions judge. According to Section 5, the presiding officer of the MobileRead MoreParliamentary Democracy in Bangladesh2545 Words   |  11 PagesParliamentary Democracy in Bangladesh Abstract The focus of this paper is to review the era of parliamentary democracy in Bangladesh since it’s emergence in the year 1991. The raison detre of our war of independence was parliamentary democracy, and that commitment had been reflected in her Constitution in 1972. Still 20 years took for the light to shine in her political history which was already marked by a mixed and scandalous cultureRead Moreï  ¶ Anti Corruption Commission in Bangladesh to Combat Corruption4790 Words   |  20 Pagesin Bangladesh to combat corruption Contents Page number ï  ¶ Introduction 1 ï  ¶ Anti Corruption Commission in Bangladesh 2 ï  ¶ Evolution of ACC 2 ï  ¶ Vision 2 ï  ¶ Mission 3 ï  ¶ Chairman commissioners 3 ï  ¶ Functions of the commission 4 ï  ¶ Organogram, ACC 6 ï  ¶ Objectives of the ACC: 7 ï  ¶ Plan of Action of the ACC: 8 ï  ¶ Challenges of ACC in Bangladesh: Read MoreAssignment on Women Emowerment in the Economy of Bd4784 Words   |  20 Pages DIU COURSE # CCE-514 SUBJECT: Management Economics COURSE TEACHER: Associate Prof. Md. Rofiqul Islam ASSIGNMENT #01 (Role of women empowerment in the economy of Bangladesh) NAME: LASANIA FERDOUES ROLL #13 EMBA BATCH: 29TH /B SEMESTER-1ST Introduction: Our national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam wrote- the Good done by the civilization, half created by man and rests by the women. This is an eternal statement about the development of human civilization. From the dawn of the civilization women and menRead MoreThe Political Background Of Hobby1329 Words   |  6 Pagesenthusiastic to delve into. Having said all that, my intrigue in understanding the political background of Hobby picked up right from page #1 in the book. Being a first-generation American in my family with direct roots to the small fairly new nation of Bangladesh and being a New-York native myself, I’ve never really thought of how much a connection one such as Hobby must have with a state or a land to truly become immersed in its realm of politics. Dating back to the Civil War, Hobby’s ancestors both provided

The Stigma Of Mental Health Care Essay - 1711 Words

Mental health issues have been an ongoing hot topic in this country for over a century. Though many strides have been made to increase awareness and lessen the stigma, there continues to be a barrier to mental health care, especially for our nations’ youth and young adults. I will be discussing the history behind mental health care, current policies regarding it, how the presence of stigma reduces the likelihood that youth and young adults are receiving the adequate mental health care they require, how mental health awareness decreases these stigma, and how policy changes can lead to overall acceptance and mental health treatment of youth. There is a stigma in our country regarding mental health and its treatment. These stigma are divided between social stigma and perceived or self-stigma. Social stigma are those that society places negative feelings towards a certain group, which can lead to discrimination. Perceived or self-stigma are those internalized feelings of the mentally ill individual on how they feel society views them. Both types of stigma can lead to negative feelings of the mentally ill individual through feelings of shame, depression, hopelessness, and anxiety. Current policies on mental health are limited by federal legislation and may only address the aspect of public discrimination. For this paper, I was focusing on American youth and young adults, up to age 21. Mental illness effects people of all race, religion, color, sexual orientation, andShow MoreRelatedHow Stigma Interferes with Mental Health Care892 Words   |  4 PagesHow Stigma Interferes With Mental Health Care Patrick Corrigan’s article on stigmas and how they interfere with mental care brings insight into a world that many people face. Although there are conflicting ideas on how exactly stigmas towards mentally ill people are broken down, (people labeled mentally ill are stigmatized more severely than those with other health conditions; people with psychotic disorders are judged more harshly than people with depression or anxiety disorders) there is anRead MoreA Proposal For Anti Stigma Training Program861 Words   |  4 PagesHealth care providers, in general are viewed as trustworthy and non-judgmental individuals who care for others with sickness and in health. On the contrary, individuals with mental illness have different experiences with health care providers. One article reported that these individuals feel incompetent and unworthy to be cared for after their clinical visit. These psychological factors may prevent patients to seek future care until they are in crisis. In addition, health care providers’ negativeRead MoreInadequacy Of The United States Mental Health Care System1104 Words   |  5 PagesStates Mental Health Care System: Barriers to Care According to the World Health Organization, mental illness will affect approximately 25% of people at some point in their life (â€Å"WHO Qualityrights†, n.d.). Despite that, the current mental health care system in the United States is inadequate. Many aspects of the system need improving, especially the barriers to service. In fact, approximately 20% of individuals are left without necessary treatment for their mental health disorder (â€Å"Mental Health†Read MoreMental Illnesses And Mental Health1165 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction World Health Organization (WHO, 2014) defines Mental health as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. Whereas Mental illnesses (MI) are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood or behavior associated with significant distress and impaired functioning (Health Canada, 2012). MI affects people of all agesRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Society1405 Words   |  6 Pagesonce stated, â€Å"Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of, but stigma and bias shame us all.† Mental illness comes with multiple influences towards the daily life of an individual. On one hand, these individuals must try to manage the symptoms that arise with their disease. Mental health disorders can affect the way individuals perform at their jobs, their social life, and even being able to live alone (Corrigan Penn, 1997). On the other hand, the way society tends to view mental illnesses leadsRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1602 Words   |  7 Pages20th and 21st centuries have seeked to improve care and reduce stigma around those with mental illness. This began in 1942, when Harry Truman signed the National Mental Health Act, which requested the formation of a National Institute of Mental Health. Shortly after this, in 1949, the National Institute of Mental Health was established (â€Å"National Institute of Mental Health†). During the company’s 60 year lifespan they have focused on research about mental illness, educating the public, and improvingRead MoreThe Philosophical Framework Missing From Mental Health1517 Words   |  7 PagesWorldwide, mental health challenges are the leading cause of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and account for 37% of healthy life years lost from Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) (WHO, 2011a). Among the 43 million individuals living with a mental health challenge in the U.S., an average of 40-60% do not receive adequate mental health care, if any at all (SAMHSA, 2015). Research has shown and continues to reveal that the stigma of mental health remains one of, if not the most significant barrierRead MoreIntegration And Into The Public Health World1590 Words   |  7 Pagesaccepting integration / into the public health world? How many are there and are there any located in my town? Integrations definition is the focus on providing the right care in the right place. Integration came from a friendship between 50 organizations and 100 individual partners. This alliance seeks information, adjustments and the support of efforts that advance health and lower the costs. This friendship is responsible for helping clients get the care that they need, and when the need it. AlsoRead MoreMental Health Of Individuals Living With Schizophrenia1399 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The mental health of individuals living with schizophrenia not only depends on the severity of their mental illness, it also depends on their inclusion within their community (Michael, 2012). Despite recent advances and treatment, individuals suffering from schizophrenia encounter a considerable stigma that creates barriers to them receiving adequate treatment which in turn hinders their full integration into society (Morgan, 2003). The conceptualization of stigma was explored (GoffmanRead MoreAlicia Kate O. Borja. English 27 A. Andre Dominic Peralta.1260 Words   |  6 PagesAlicia Kate O. Borja English 27 A Andre Dominic Peralta Reducing Stigma in Mental Health Conditions Background on Mental Health Mental Health is often used as a representation of mental health conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and others. According to the World Health Organization (2016), mental health is a state of well-being wherein an individual has the capacity to realize his or her own potential, can manage with the normal stresses of life, can work efficiently

A Comparison Of Water Quality In Ponds Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(55) " beings are recorded into the entering sheet provided\." Background information: – pollution is the chief job faced by today ‘s universe. The scientific definition of pollution is that it is the debut of contaminations into an environment that causes instability, upset, injury or uncomfortableness to the ecosystem i.e. We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison Of Water Quality In Ponds Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now physical systems or populating beings. Pollution can take the signifier of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or visible radiation. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or of course happening ; of course happening, are considered to be contaminations when they exceed natural degrees. The chief type of pollution faced by human existences in today ‘s universe viz. are air pollution, dirt pollution and H2O pollution. These pollution signifiers are chiefly caused due to human actions. Some causes are as follows point pollution is caused due to dumping of human resources into the H2O organic structure nevertheless it is a sensible pollution because it can be easy found out on where the pollution is caused, diffuse pollution nevertheless is n’t a sensible pollution because it is unknown where the pollution starts from and in conclusion H2O pollution is caused by the release of some waste merchandises of life things and contaminations into the surface of overflow of the river drainage systems, leaching into groundwater, liquid spills, waste H2O discharges i.e. drainage H2O, eutrophication and littering. Eutrophication is production of microorganisms and these micro-organisms consumes a batch of foods and O. Micro-organisms normally grow because they feed through chemicals like nitrate specifically therefore in other words they consume fertilisers. Water pollution affects the workss and beings populating in the H2O and in about all of the instances this harm affects in either ways non merely human population but besides the whole biological communities. H2O organic structures can be analyzed if it is polluted or non. Most of the samples nevertheless include proving of temperature, O steps, pH, and biodiversity of being in the H2O and conduction of H2O. Pond itself is divided into 3 chief substrate ‘s upper i.e. the surface of the pool in-between substrate and the lower substrate i.e. the land of the pool. In the experiment which is to be conducted will be a comparing between two pools viz. Arodes pool and Kritou terra pool for a existent apprehension of pool pollution in existent life. Purpose: – to look into and analyze the H2O quality by comparing two pools. Hypothesis: – Polluted pool will hold higher per centum of algal screen because of the presence of nitrate and toxic substances inside the pool which will take to higher per centum blooming of algae in contaminated H2O. Transparency of the contaminated pool will be less compared to uncontaminated pool because the presence of algae every bit good as the waste merchandises of homo in the pool which will take to a lessening in transparence of pool. Conductivity will be higher in contaminated pool because the dumping of harvest fertilisers i.e. presence of nitrates in the pool is higher. Oxygen handiness on the top degree is less in contaminated H2O compared to bottom of pool because of the presence of algae on top of H2O. The algae which is present on top of H2O consumes a batch of O during photosynthesis. Oxygen handiness at the underside is higher in uncontaminated H2O compared to exceed degree of pool because beings at the underside are less compared to exceed degree. Oxygen handiness of uncontaminated is more compared to contaminated H2O due to the presence of more algae in H2O. Temperature at the top of the uncontaminated pool and contaminated pool is lower than that of the underside this is because sunlight hits on top of the H2O moreover due to the presence of beings that feed on each other or dices are at the underside of the pool added this algae which is present at the surface of both pools absorbs a batch of heat energy and the sunshine which has entree at the underside is trapped at the underside doing the surface of the H2O ice chest when compared to bottom. Temperature recorded in contaminated pool when both underside and surface substrate ‘s are added should be higher than uncontaminated H2O because this chiefly depends on the per centum of algae i.e. how much algae is present that hot it is. The pH of contaminated H2O should be higher or in other words basic or more alkalic because of the physique of decomposed waste of animate beings and worlds compared to uncontaminated H2O. There will be less biodiversity of being in contaminated H2O because being can non last in contaminated H2O i.e. organisms find it difficult to accommodate or populate in the pool. Nitrate degree of contaminated H2O is higher because algal screen demands nitrate to feed. Variables: Dependent variables: -diversity of species -percentage screen of algae -conductivity of pool ( i? ­S ) -dimension of the pool Independent variables: -temperature ( oC ) -sunlight -presence of algae -season -nitrate degree -oxygen degree both at top and underside ( mg/l ) Controlled variables: -area sampled ( site ) -method of trying -sweep cyberspace Material required: -sweep net -20ml phial -conductivity metre ( i? ­S ) -zinc pulverization -ammonium chloride -10ml phial -nitrate tablet -photometer -bowl -identifying sheet -pH metre -oxygen metre -data aggregation sheet -one forcep -one amplifying glass -two spoons -two pipettes Procedure: – When the first pool is reached before the experiment is carried out first baseball mitts are worn. Then with the stuffs provided the bowl is filled with pool H2O. Later, with the aid of the sweep cyberspace provided samples are collected and emptied into the bowl filled with pool H2O. However, When roll uping the samples with sweep net the cyberspace should make the four ( 4 ) substrate of the pool i.e. the following – surface of the pool, in-between substrate of the pool, underside of the pool and in conclusion the walls of the pool. By taking this method of sample aggregation the person could obtain all beings that live in all four substrate of the pool. Organisms which are emptied into the bowl are identified with the aid of placing sheet. These identified beings are recorded into the entering sheet provided. You read "A Comparison Of Water Quality In Ponds Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" This process is being repeated five ( 5 ) more times and recorded in the recording sheet. This process is followed by mensurating the conduction of the pool with the aid of conduction metre. The detector of the conduction metre is placed inside the pool and the readings of the proctor is recorded into the sheet. After conduction of the pool is recorded oxygen handiness on top of the pool every bit good as underside is recorded with the aid O metre. The detector of the O metre us paced individually at the underside so at the top the reading shown in the proctor is recorded in the sheet. This is followed by the measuring temperature of the H2O on top every bit good as underside through temperature metre and the reading shown in the proctor is recorded in the recording sheet. Besides, per centum of algal screen in the pool is besides estimated and recorded. Before go forthing the first country sample of the H2O in the pool is filled into 20 ml phial. When the 2nd pool is reached the same process which were followed in the f irst pool are repeated and recorded into the sheet provided. As in the first pool sample of H2O in the pool was filled into another 20 milliliter phial. These two samples of 20 milliliters vial are subsequently taken to lab and tested for per centum of nitrate presence in both pools individually. Into the 20ml vial Zn pulverization and ammonium chloride is added and shaked for one ( 1 ) minute carefully. Then the reagent present indoors 20ml vial is left undisturbed for the mixture to be settle down. Later nitricol tablet is crushed and added into 10 ml phial followed by the solution present indoors 20 ml phial is added into 10 ml phial. It is left to fade out. Then the per centum of the reading is taken by utilizing photometer. The reading of the photometer is recorded in the sheet. Datas processing: – Harmonizing to the informations collected from two pool viz. Arodes pool and kritou terra pool the consequence can be deduced that pool Arodes is more contaminated whereas pool kritou terra is uncontaminated, the chief ground for the decision will be explained by mentioning to the observation seen in both sites. When comparing the difference between the Numberss of being in two different pool, where entire figure of persons in Arodes pool is 55 and entire figure of persons in kritou terra pool is 103. This shows that kritou terra provides suited conditions for being to prolong their life in the pool. However, some of the organisms nowadays in both Arodes pool and kritou terra pool might impact adversely every bit good as affirmatively the wellness of other beings populating in pool every bit good as the H2O status. Hence wise, some beings serve as an index of uncontaminated H2O whereas some service as contaminated Waterss index. Table # 3 beings classified as indexs of contaminated and uncontaminated Contaminated H2O ( Arodes pool ) indexs Uncontaminated H2O ( kritou terra pool ) indexs Flatworm Darter darning needle nymph Frog Hawker dragonfly nymph Meniscus midge pupa Ostracoda Speciess Non-biting midge larva ( A ; pupa ) Swiming dayfly nymph Water beetles and larvae True worms Water touch – Water snails – Entire figure of Darter darning needle nymph in kritou terra pool is 36 whereas entire figure of Darter darning needle nymph in Arodes pool is 1. Darter darning needle nymph is an index of uncontaminated H2O. They thrive in contaminated H2O that supports plentifulness of submerged and emergent flora. These provide egg laying and outgrowth sites every bit good as shelter. Many species besides require some unfastened H2O. They tend to prefer state of affairss that are unfastened to sunlight with some shelter from strong air currents. Harmonizing to the analyses of table # 3 it is observed that darning needles largely act as an index of uncontaminated H2O. Flatworm, semilunar cartilage midge pupa and non-biting midge larva are parasitic in nature which is why they largely tend to populate in contaminated country. Since they need to drive foods from dead affairs host and this largely can be done in contaminated H2O. Furthermore, meniscus midge pupa needs algae for shelter and per centum screen of algae must be higher in contaminated H2O. Frogs nevertheless are present more in contaminated H2O because toads eat touchs, worms and snails therefore harmonizing to the informations collected the figure of touchs, snails and worms are found more in pool Arodes instead than pool in Kritou terra. Mayflies, beetles, touchs and snails require clean, uncontaminated H2O that is by and large good oxygenated. Infact, they are one of the first aquatic being that disappear when H2O pollution occurs. Table # 4 per centum wise organisms nowadays in Arodes pool individually Speciess Percentage wise being nowadays in Arodes pool Darter darning needle nymph 1.82 % Flatworm 5.46 % Frog 9.09 % Mosquito fish 20 % Meniscus midge pupa 1.82 % Non-biting midge larva ( A ; pupa ) 40 % True worms 1.82 % Water beetles and larvae 9.09 % Water touch 5.46 % Water snail 5.46 % Table # 5 per centum wise organisms nowadays in kritou terra pool individually Speciess Percentage wise being nowadays in kritou terra pool Darter darning needle nymph 35 % Hawker dragonfly nymph 2 % Leechs 4.86 % Mosquito fish 3.88 % Non-biting midge larva ( A ; pupa ) 3 % Ostracoda 1 % Swiming dayfly nymph 12.62 % True worms 36 % Water snail 2 % Table # 6 per centum wise species present both in Arodes and kritou terra pool harmonizing to group 5 recordings Speciess Percentage wise organisms nowadays in Arodes pool Percentage wise organisms nowadays in kritou terra pool Non-biting midge larva 95.46 % 16.67 % Swiming dayfly nymph 0 % 58.34 % True worms 0 % 16.67 % Water snail 0 % 8.33 % Meniscus midge pupa 4.55 % 0 % Temperature on top of the contaminated pool ( Arodes pool ) was observed to be 17.97i‚ °C whereas as in the same pool temperature at the underside was observed to be 18.10i‚ °C the grounds depend on many factors. The surface of Arodes pool is covered with algae. Normally algae grows on 2 juncture. First, due to the presence of nitrate used in agricultural field and in conclusion presence of important sum of sunshine. When sunlight hits on Arodes pool it passes through all 3 substrates of the pool. Algae which is present on the surface of the pool absorbs immense sum of sunshine to turn and pin down the heat energy which is going from top of pool to bottom. Added to the heat which is trapped at the underside, beings which are populating in the pool besides increase the heat energy. Speciess in contaminated H2O are normally micro beings and they live at the underside of the pool moreover organisms that dice in the pool get settled at the underside of the pool therefore this being which feed on dead affairs can merely obtaining 10 % of the energy the remainder 90 % is wasted either in heat signifier, feaces and parts which are non soluble by other beings. Hence from this 90 % of energy which is given out as heat energy adds up to heat energy and since all this heat accurate at the underside of the pool the temperature of pool at the underside is higher than that of the underside of the contaminated pool. However, when temperature both on top every bit good as underside of Arodes pool ( contaminated pool ) and kritou terra pool ( uncontaminated pool ) are added up and compared i.e. pool Arodes has 36.07i‚ °C as temperature and pool kritou terra has 34.21i‚ °C as temperature. It is observed that there is a important fluctuation this is chiefly because pool in kritou terra is covered with trees hence it is fly-by-night which does n’t let a batch of sunshine to make the pool doing it colder compared to Arodes pool. Furthermore, A rodes pool did n’t hold any shadiness or trees environing the pool hence it was heater. Oxygen handiness chiefly depends on few factors. In Arodes pool O handiness at the bottom 8.15mg/l was observed to be less compared to exceed 8.27mg/l this is because at the surface of the pool algae is present which continuously perform photosynthesis during daytime on the other manus at the underside of the pool there are legion type of species which continuously inhale O and give out C dioxide to keep their life. This status leads to a lessening in handiness of O at the underside when compared to exceed. Oxygen handiness on top of the kritou terra pool 8.28mg/l was observed to be less compared to bottom 8.55mg/l this is because beings at the underside of kritou terra pool is less i.e. beings in this pool were normally seen inside algae or in other word at the surface of the pool which lead the O handiness at the top of the pool to diminish nevertheless added to this since kritou terra pool is covered with shadiness it could n’t acquire adequate sunlight hence algae could n’t execute photosynthesis. Furthermore when the information ‘s of two pools are added up and compared i.e. Arodes pool had 16.42mg/l O degree and kritou terra pool had 16.83mg/l as O degree hence Arodes pool has less oxygen handiness compared to kritou terra pool because the per centum screen of algae in contaminated H2O is 49 % which is about twice more than that of kritou terra pool of merely 28 % of algae screen on H2O. However added to this kritou terra is covered with trees which enables ful l entree of sunshine to the pool impacting algae which is executing photosynthesis besides the informations taken in both countries were far by each other hence way of light beams are non dependable. Furthermore, many factors of seasonal alterations in temperature and light strength influences oxygen handiness through the photosynthesis activity. In Arodes pool pH value of H2O was observed to be 7.65 whereas kritou terra had pH value of 7.64. Harmonizing to the information there is n’t much difference in value nevertheless pH value of Arodes pool is somewhat more basic/ alkaline. The pH value of impersonal H2O has to be 7 this happens because the chemical expression of H2O which is H2O it is the combination of OH- and H+ ions. Hence the presence of anion and cation neutralizes the pH value. Therefore, if the pH value is alkalic OH- is more than H+ . However the chief ground for the consequence of Arodes pool to be more alkaline is because of the presence of sedimentations of homo, works and carnal waste. Conduction of Arodes pool 1417 i? ­S is observed to be higher so kritou terra pool 520i? ­S this is because of presence of nitrate ions in Arodes pool ( contaminated pool ) is higher. Furthermore, added to this the country where the pool was situated in both countries affected the consequence massively for case the H2O channel of Arodes pool base on ballss downward all the manner through houses, carnal sheds and harvest Fieldss of small town whereas kritou terra pools H2O channel does non go through through harvest Fieldss besides the geographic nature and channel manner is non similar to Arodes pool i.e. Arodes small towns H2O channel is traveling from high degree ( houses and harvest field ) to bottom degree of land. The H2O channel passes through harvest Fieldss and in harvest Fieldss fertilisers and minerals are used to back up workss growing added to this H2O channel animate beings and worlds waste are besides passed to little channels in Arodes pool hence this manner the co nduction of Arodes has higher conduction value compared to kritou terra. Turbidity of Arodes pool was observed to be murkier compared to kritou terra. The H2O of the Arodes pool ( contaminated pool ) was murkier because it is polluted. All waste stuffs and more per centum of algae get accumulated in this pool nevertheless Kritou terra even though being unpolluted when compared to Arodes it was somewhat cloudy since it is surrounded with verdure the radioactive dust foliage from trees added to this algae per centum and besides it is close to land degree makes dust to come in into the pool doing the pool somewhat murky. Algae per centum of Arodes pool was observed to be 49 % whereas algae per centum of kritou terra pool was observed to be 20 % . The chief ground for the algae to be present more in Arodes pool chiefly depends on nitrate degree, conduction and temperature since all three of the factors are higher in Arodes pool. This leads to an addition in algae per centum in the country. Chiefly algae grows more with supply of foods for specific algae ‘s. The nitrate degree of Arodes pool 48 mg/l was observed to be more compared to kritou terra pool 0.26 mg/l. The chief ground for this is because Arodes pool H2O channel passes through many farm Fieldss. In farm Fieldss manure/fertilizers are used for back uping workss growing. Fertilizers has chemical elements like N ( N ) , phosphate ( P ) and K ( K ) hence these chemicals get assorted with H2O channels. Since, Arodes H2O channel is holding slanting land type and go throughing through harvest Fieldss nitrate flat gets assorted with H2O channel in Arodes is more. On the other manus, kritou terra H2O channel does n’t go through through many harvest Fieldss nevertheless it has small bite of nitrate present because of waste stuffs and trees present. Simpson ‘s diverseness D = a?‘ N ( n-1 ) N ( N-1 ) Where N is the entire figure of being of a peculiar species N is the entire figure of beings of all species Table # 7 Simpson ‘s diverseness of Arodes pool Speciess found in Arodes pool Entire no. of being of peculiar species ( N ) in Arodes pool N ( n-1 ) Darter darning needle nymph 1 0 Flatworm 3 6 Frog 5 20 Mosquito fish 11 110 Meniscus midge pupa 1 0 Non-biting midge larva ( A ; pupa ) 22 462 True worms 1 0 Water beetles 5 20 Water touch 3 6 Water snail 3 6 Entire 55 630 D = a?‘ N ( n-1 ) N ( N-1 ) = 630. = . 630. a†°? 0.212 55 ( 55-1 ) 2970 Simpson ‘s mutual index = 1 / D a†°? 0.788 Therefore this shows that it has extremely diverse or heterogenous ecosystem. Table # 8 Simpson ‘s diverseness of kritou terra pool Speciess found in kritou terra pool Entire no. of being of peculiar species ( N ) in kritou terra pool N ( n-1 ) Darter darning needle nymph 36 1260 Hawker dragonfly nymph 2 2 Leechs 5 20 Mosquito fish 4 12 Non-biting midge larva ( A ; pupa ) 3 6 Ostracoda 1 0 Swiming dayfly nymph 13 156 True worms 37 1332 Water snail 2 2 Entire 103 2790 D = a?‘ N ( n-1 ) N ( N-1 ) = . 2790. = . 2790. a†°? 0.266 103 ( 103-1 ) 10506 Simpson ‘s mutual index = 1 -D a†°? 0.734 Therefore this shows that it has extremely diverse or heterogenous ecosystem nevertheless has more species compared to Arodes pool Table # 9 Simpson ‘s diverseness of group 5 Arodes pool Speciess found in Arodes pool Entire no. of being of peculiar species ( N ) in Arodes pool N ( n-1 ) Non-biting midge larva 21 420 Meniscus midge pupa 1 0 Entire 22 420 D = a?‘ N ( n-1 ) N ( N-1 ) = . 420. = . 420. a†°? 1 22 ( 22-1 ) 462 Simpson ‘s mutual index = 1- D a†°? 0 This value implies that samples diverseness is less i.e. 2 species are merely found. Table # 10 Simpson ‘s diverseness of group 5 in kritou terra pool Speciess found in kritou terra pool Entire no. of being of peculiar species ( N ) in kritou terra pool N ( n-1 ) Non-biting midge larva 2 2 Swiming dayfly nymph 7 42 True worms 2 2 Water snail 1 0 Entire 12 46 D = a?‘ N ( n-1 ) N ( N-1 ) = . 46. = . 46. a†°? 0.349 12 ( 12-1 ) 132 Simpson ‘s mutual index = 1 – D a†°? 0.652 This value implies that more beings are present and this diverseness is heterogenous. Decision: – Harmonizing to the informations collected Arodes pool was observed to be the contaminated pool and kritou terra pool was observed to be uncontaminated pool. However, harmonizing to the hypothesis polluted pool should hold more per centum screen of algae over the surface of pool because algae normally feeds on nitrate, waste stuffs of beings and toxic substances. Nitrate degree of contaminated H2O should be more because of the presence of urea and chemicals used in agricultural field. Furthermore, transparence of the contaminated H2O should be cloudy because of the presence of algae screen and all waste stuffs get accumulated in the pool this leads to a lessening in transparence and H2O to be cloudy. Likewise, due to the accretion of nitrate and other types of minerals which are present inside the feaces of organisms lead the H2O to be alimentary rich i.e. polluted pool will hold high value of conduction. Furthermore, oxygen level on the surface of contaminated H2O is less compared to bottom this is because of the presence of algae i.e. since algae uses a batch of O during photosynthesis. However, in uncontaminated H2O O degree nowadays at the underside of pool is higher compared to the surface because beings in uncontaminated pool at the underside were less compared to the organisms nowadays at the surface but added to this when the information was analyzed since the pool was covered with verdure algae nowadays on top of the uncontaminated pool can non execute photosynthesis as compared to polluted. Furthermore, when both O degrees were compared with each other uncontaminated pool was holding less oxygen handiness when compared to polluted country because of the presence of algae. Temperature nowadays at the surface of uncontaminated pool and contaminated pool is lower than the temperature at the underside of the pool because when the sunshine hit ‘s the surface of H2O and due to the presence of beings which feed on each other or dices are at the bottom h ence this effects the temperature besides added to this algae which is at the surface grows with sunshine and covers the pool this leads the heat to acquire trapped at the underside and it ca n’t get away outside the pool since it is bottom. Temperature recorded both at the underside and the surface are added contaminated H2O should be higher than uncontaminated H2O because of the presence of more algae since more algae absorb high sum of sunshine doing the pool hotter compared to uncontaminated. Furthermore, pH of the contaminated H2O should be more alkalic compared to uncontaminated because nitrate degree is higher in contaminated pool added to this all decomposed wastes of animate beings and worlds are dumped degree should be higher in contaminated H2O. Furthermore, biodiversity of beings in contaminated H2O is less compared to uncontaminated H2O because nitrate degree is less in uncontaminated H2O since nitrate degree is harmful to organism there is less organisms in cont aminated H2O added to this non much nutrient is available in contaminated H2O hence they ca n’t accommodate to this difficult conditions. Evaluation: – One of the chief beginning of mistake in H2O quality is that during the experiment was conducted the figure or in other words per centums of algae covering the pool by inherent aptitudes of an person which is highly inaccurate because experiment was done by appraisal of algae. Another mistake was that group might miss-identify a coinage and that would besides do the consequence more inaccurate. Some of the organisms inhabit inside algae therefore it is difficult for beings to happen, moreover this being which live inside algae are microscopic. However some other beings which are large for case toad could non be hold in a cup and be counted which might take to miss-count i.e. twice it could be counted. Furthermore, nitrate tablet trial was non done by first manus by the pupil alternatively it was performed by instructors. Furthermore, there was accurately 2 hours difference between the two parts therefore the sunlight beams change way interim. Some of the betterments which could be ma de is by following a different method for bettering and doing a more accurate consequence for case spliting the appraisal and appraisal could be done in a grid signifier hence this manner it could be more accurate. Furthermore the expanse cyberspaces which are to be provided has to be checked before utilizing or else beings can get away. Besides, the two countries has to be closer at least 1 hr off. The nitrate trial could be performed in forepart of the pupils. However with the significance of the field trip and its benefit posed on all pupils were utilizable. Furthermore, larning things in a field by really sing, experiencing touching it with first manus was really good cognition to cognize about H2O quality home ground, ecology and biological science. Graph: Comparison of abiotic factors in two pools by country ( kritou terra pool and Arodes pool ) Comparison of figure of species in both pool ( kritou terra pool and Arodes pool ) How to cite A Comparison Of Water Quality In Ponds Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

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Reconstruction Essay The Civil War was one of the bloodiest wars in American history. Its damage to America was profound. It tore at the very fiber of America itself. The Reconstruction Essay Era however was as damaging to America as the Civil War itself. Its damage has its roots in the reasons America went to civil war. In the time leading up to the Civil War the south was unhappy so they decided to leave the Union. They thought it was okay to leave if they were unhappy, while the North thought it was wrong. So the two sides went to war. After all was said and done the North had won and now faced the difficult task of reincorporating the South in to the Union once again, as well as rebuilding the South after being torn apart by the war. It was widely believed that Reconstruction was successful, when in fact, as stated by Eric Foner, it was a complete failure. It changed very little in the South. Blacks, on the other hand, wanted full freedom and, above all, land of their own. Inevitably, there were frequent clashes. Some erupted into race riots, but acts of terrorism against individual black leaders were more common. During this turmoil, Southern whites and blacks began to work out ways of getting their farms back into operation and of making a living. Indeed, the most important developments of the Reconstruction era were not the highly publicized political contests but the slow, almost imperceptible changes that occurred in southern society. Blacks could now legally marry, and they set up conventional and usually stable family units; they quietly seceded from the white churches and formed their own religious organizations, which became a central point for the black community. Without land or money, most freedmen had to continue working for white masters; but they were now unwilling to labor in gangs or to live in the old slave quarters under the eye of the plantation owner. The governments set up in the Southern states under the congressional program of Reconstruction were, contrary to traditional cliches, fairly honest and effective. Though the period has sometimes been labeled ;quot;Black Reconstruction,;quot; the Radical governments in the south were never dominated by blacks. There were no black governors, only two black senators and a handful of congressmen, and only one legislature controlled by blacks. Those black who did hold office appear to have been about equal in competence and honesty to the whites. it is true that these Radical governments were expensive, but large state expenditures were necessary to rebuild after the war and to establishfor the first time on most southern statesa system of common schools. Corruption there certainly was, though nowhere on the scale of the Tweed Ring, which at that time was busily looting New York City; but it is not possible to show that Republicans were more guilty than Democrats, or blacks than whites, in the scandals that did occur. If the Civil War was fought to set black slaves free, then Reconstruction proved to be a fight to limit their freedom. Political power was gained by former slaves during the late 1860s, but any power gained was all but gone by the end of the 1880s. Blacks were given liberty in name only for the most part. They were not allowed to develop nor use the skills necessary to take advantage of that liberty in Americas unique system of democracy and capitalism. For most African Americans living in the south during the Reconstruction era, life changed dramatically from enslavement, to a life of limited rights. Even though the reconstruction offered them a few unreliable rights, it failed to offer them the equal amount of social, economic, and political freedoms. It was these three contributing factors that participated in changing the south. The Reconstruction was started by the freed slaves who rallied and protested for civil rights as well as justice. In addition to this, Radical Republicans from 1865 to 1877 temporarily wiped out each state in the Souths system of government. All of the quot;black codesquot;, a series of laws that forced blacks to sign labor contracts requiring them to work at a job for a full year, laws that permitted employers to whip black workers, and laws that allowed states to jail unemployed blacks and hire out their children, that violated or contradicted the equality .

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The American Elections of 1896 essays The election of 1986 is considered as one of the most important in the nation's history since it marked a sea change in the evolution of the modern presidency. Though the status of this election was unclear, it is frequently considered as a realigning election that stands for a serious difference from previous patterns of voting. Mainly, it refers to any one of several United States presidential elections in which geographic bases of power for each of the two parties were radically altered, resulting in a new political power structure and status quo. It is believed that a realigning election happens only after a shift in partisan preferences in the general populace. Furthermore, in this case, James Weaver of the People's Party, who had finished a reputable third four years before, threw his aid to the Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan. John M. Palmer of the National Democratic Party received 133,435 votes (1.0%), and the Prohibition Party's Joshua Levering 125,072 votes (0.9%). Many of the Prohibition voters went to Bryan in this election, but this was insufficient to overcome Republican candidate William McKinley. Besides, this election was one of huge importance to money. It's main issue was which metal should back U.S., gold or silver. Bryan supported silver whereas McKinley supported gold. The Populists had supported Bryan because they as well supported the silver issue. The diverse political parties had some support for each but the main ones were gold for Republicans and silver for Democrats. On November 3, 1896, 14 million Americans went to the polls, giving Republican William McKinley a winning total of over 7,100,000 votes (51%) and 276 in the Electoral College against about 6,500,000 popular ballots (46%) and 176 electoral votes for Democrat William Jennings Bryan. It was the largest margin of victory since President Ulysses S. Grant's reelection in 1872. William McKinley's political back up ca...

Computer Networking and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Computer Networking and Management - Essay Example However, this is a rare event. The following illustration shows the routing and remote access procedure of the NAT service. You can see that the NAT router sits in the middle of a conversation between the public and the private machine. The packets are translated and then sent to the destination computer at the public end of the equation. The response of the turns, and the route also translates from the public network and returns the response back to the requesting client at the local end. The workstations obtain their IP addresses in the range allowed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). IANA is responsible for allocating public addresses that are guaranteed to be globally unique on the Internet. However, there is an ever decreasing availability of Ipv4 addresses available as thousands and thousands of additional IP addresses are required daily. In the longer term the development of IPv6 16 byte addresses should resolve this problem. Another factor about IPv6 addresses is that they are expressed in hexadecimal notation with ':' as separators, rather than the current '.' notation of the IPv4 addressing system. The workaround available at the moment on small networks is to reuse IPv4 addresses. Workstations obtain their reusable (i.e. dynamic) IP addresses using a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server (DHCP). The DHCP automatically configures the IP address for every host on the network, thus ensuring that each host has a valid, unique IP address. The DHCP automatically reconfigures IP addresses on the fly, i.e. as and when hosts may or may not be present. One of the major advantages of DHCP is that it can save a network administrator many hours of tedious configuration work. DHCP allows individual computers on a TCP/IP network to obtain their configuration information. Specifically, this is their IP address from the server. The DHCP server keeps track of which IP addresses of already been assigned so that when a computer requests an IP address, the DHCP server will offer it an IP address that is not already in use. One of the advantages of an NAT is that firewalls use this method to hide the actual IP address of a host from outside world. In this situation the NAT device must use of a globally unique IP address to represent itself to the Internet. It obtains its global address for communicating with the outside world from the firewall. This firewall address is the address to which forwarded and received packet travel to and from the Internet. Because NAT uses a global IP address for its local network machines, it assists with the general problem of IPv4 addresses being allocated exponentially. The NAT device keeps track of the requesting hosts IP address. It hides this host address and provides its own firewall address to the Internet. The response is received back to the firewall address, and then the NAT router looks of this information about the original request and forwards the information back to the correct host on the internal network. Task3: A) There

Principal barrier to nurseconsumer partnerships Essay

Principal barrier to nurseconsumer partnerships - Essay Example The elderly patients on the whole require more compassion, concentration and patience from the nursing staff to get their message across. There are many factors that increase the difficulty in communication between the nurses and the elderly. Patients perceive good communication as critical to the delivery of health care. (Adiar, 1994, Young, 1995) The common patient barriers to communication involve impaired hearing and vision, difference in the way of acting and verbal expression from the younger generation, cognitive and memory problems, physical problems, and environmental factors such as noise or poor lightening. (Park and Song, 2004) Whereas the common nurse related barriers have been assessed to be stereotyping, poor articulation, and excessive use of medical terminologies. (Lubinski and Wellan, 1997) Many strategies have been described by nurses as being helpful in communication with patients who have verbal difficulties. The cases like of May usually require non verbal communication techniques along with verbal communication. Non verbal communication comprise mainly of seven indices. These are facial movements, gaze, touch, gesticulation, interpersonal spacing, posture and odor. (Barker, 1963, McBride, 1964, Scheflen, 1973, Henley, 1977, Argyle, 1994) Nurses report looking at the patient and picking up clues such as facial expressions, eye gaze, and body language are extremely helpful. Another system is the yes and no system, where by the patient answers to the questions via head nods, eye blinks and foot taps etc. (Hemsley et al, 2001) Watching for expressions on the face of patients such as relief expressions, repeating the questions to ascertain the yes or no response, rephrasing questions, adding animation or signs, and using pen and paper and pictures to communicate ideas have also been regarded as very helpful in achieving communication. (Hemsley et al, 2001) Communication between the nurses and the patients can be improved significantly if nurses were trained to pick them in their surroundings. Nurses should develop an interest in caring for the elderly, since this will improve the overall attitude of the nurse towards providing care. Nurses should provide confidence to the patients so as to allow "disclosure" of patient's weaknesses. (Park and Song, 2005) The removal of physical environmental barriers will also help in better communication development. Many of the older patients do not respond well to the hospital environment. This problem can be alleviated if the nurses introduce and explain the hospital environment, so as to increase familiarity. (Park and Song, 2005) The problem of generation gap can be minimized by educating the nurses of the perceptions of the patients and giving individual nurse care to the patients. (Park and Song, 2005) References Adair L. (1994) The patient's agenda. Nursing Standard 9, 2023. Argyle M,1994 Bodily Communication,2nd Edition, Methuen, London. Barker, RG,1963.The Stream of Behavior, Appleton-Century-Croft, New York Hemsley, Sigafoos, Balandin, Forbes, Taylor, Green, Parmenter, 2001 Nursing the patient with severe communication impairment Journal of Advanced Nursing 35(6), 827835 Henley NM, 1977 Body Politics, Power, Sex and Non verbal Communication. Prenctice Hall,

Social Issues In Sport

Social Issues In Sport Sociology is the study of how society is structured and how people experience life through its processes, directly or indirectly. A basic understanding of social issues helps us to learn how these processes affect us in everyday life. Discussing social issues in sport can help us understand different sociological concepts and perspectives of sport in society. These sociological perspectives can help explain the underlying reality of sports organisations, participation barriers, influence on sport performance, and how to develop strategies to deal with social complexities. Such concepts include that of; functionalism, figuration, class and Bourdieu, conflict and Marxism. Functionalism is a perspective that examines society through a functional framework which stresses that everyone and everything, no matter how seemingly harmful or out of place, serves a purpose. Society is looked at on a macro scale so it generalises ideas toward the whole of society. For example they look at what ed ucation does for society as a whole not just certain people in society. Functionalists also believe that society is based on consensus or agreement that we are all brought up to agree on how to behave and what values are right and wrong. Functionalism could be described as the most generalized of the sociological perspectives. It does not distinguish between cultures and it cannot effectively explain change. It also assumes that all social groups benefit equally from sports. The functionalist viewpoint is a distinct contrast to that of figuration. Figuration is a sociological concept that believes everyone is linked in groups of interdependence, such as schools, families and in the workplace. Sports games are seen as microcosms of social life. For example, a basketball match is in a constant state of flow, with ongoing tests of physical and mental balance between opponents. It suggests power exists only through interconnected relationships and that a stronger competitor still needs weaker opposition to be successful. Due to a more increasingly complex society, there is a greater need for social interdependency, therefore continuing the civilizing process. Unlike the Bourdieu theory, where there are distinct divisions between social classes. The Bourdieu theory of class and classification evaluates the social world and expresses the division between classes, age groups and the sexes. It believes there is a highly complex system of social positions, structured and fighting for the ultimate goal of control over capital. The field is a competitive system of social relations in an area or place where there is a struggle for power between the dominant and subordinate classes. Capital may be categorized as social, cultural or economic. This sociological concept also explains the use of habitus, a conscious or unconscious train of thought stemming from social origins. It influences the way we act by our common preconceptions. Were it not for the influence of Pierre Bourdieu, the notion of class would be given surprisingly little individual attention in the sociology of sport. In contrast to this perspective, there is the theory of Conflict which resembles some of the conceptions of figuration. Conflict theory and Marxism is a structural sociological hypothesis, structural meaning that our actions are determined by social forces and structures. Conflict theory explains society as a fight for authority, linking groups that are struggling for limited capital. Karl Marx was the socialist thinker behind conflict theory. He believed that capitalism would in due course be overtaken by communism. This Marxist based theory suggests that the social classes within society are in a constant fight to gain capital, and that the more powerful groups, usually higher class, use that power to exploit those with less power, usually the lower working class, in a bid to stay in control. This will now be discussed further, as a more detailed explanation into Marxism and Conflict theory will be given. Karl Marx is best known as a philosopher, a revolutionary communist and a social scientist (Burke, 2000), whose works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in the twentieth century. He believed that capitalism would ultimately be replaced with communism, a classless, stateless society. He thought that society consisted of two interconnecting parts; infrastructure and superstructure, each playing there part in the process. Infrastructure includes and signifies all the power of production. This includes method of production, labour force, the logical and physical abilities of workers and the organization of social classes. Infrastructure interlocks with superstructure, which is the foundation, and which refers to the different forms of societal consciousness, such as; ideology, religion, philosophy and the political structure. As Coakley (2002) reiterates, Marxist theory focuses on economic activities and relations, the infrastructure, and their impact on social institution s, such as politics and culture, the superstructure. Marxist theorists assume that social development is initiated through economic processes, in particular, any change in the system of production. The economic conditions of capitalism involuntarily generate social economic conflict between the owners of production and the workers; this is known as the class struggle for power. Marx believed that this exploitation would become conscious to the working class and unite the people, resulting in the elimination of the class struggle. Marx saw the upward rise of the working class as the driving force of its own freedom. It would be this working class, created and organized into an industrial workforce that would overcome its domination and lead in a society liberated from exploitation and oppression. What the bourgeoisie consequently would produce would be its own downfall (Burke, 2000). In his disapproval of the wage structure and the acceptance of the working class to live with it, Mar x explained the need for false consciousness, used by the Bourgeois class and how social life influences consciousness. What Marx meant by this is that the ruling capitalistic class within society reap the benefits because it is very one sided. Antonio Gramsci was one of the first Marxist theorists to work on the problems of major change in twentieth century western society and to recognize the importance of the battle against bourgeois values, such as an ideological cultural struggle (Burke, 1999, 2005). Marx claimed that one way to help release the stranglehold of the bourgeois on the proletariat was to remove control over education. He assumed that education had been used to reinforce class consciousness and the capitalists system of production and with power wrested from the bourgeoisie, the proletariats position would then be reinforced by the promotion of proletarian ideology through education (Carr, 1972). Marx felt that education, as a social institution that imparts values, and by the introduction of free education, this would guarantee a distribution of cultural opportunity. Therefore, no longer would education support class distinctions and capitalist ideology, although in todays society it does still happen, wit h private schooling available to those with greater economic capital. One of the main topics within the study of Marxism is the thought that all social changes result from conflict between existing classes in society. Marxists believe that the main ideology of each society is the ideology of the ruling class. Marx believed that this concept could be applied throughout all of history and would continue to exist, ultimately resulting in a proletariat revolution and the abolishment of all classes. Burke (2000) suggests that what Marx brought was to recognize that the existence of classes was made due to the production or economic structure and that the proletariat, a new working class that capitalism had shaped, had a historical capability in helping toward the collapse of all classes and to the construction of a classless social order, resulting in the creation of communism. Berger (1982) also shows that history is based on unending class conflict just as Marx stated. In contrast to this view, Boyne (2002) suggests that class appears to be less noticeabl y determinant of social action now than was the case just a quarter of a century ago, and that it has even been overtaken in the ranks of social structural influences by ethnicity, economic geography and gender. Marxs view was complete economic sight. The two classes have interests in common; therefore they are in conflict with those of a whole other class. This is turn leads to conflict between individual members of different classes (Berger, 1982). In addition, Marx did not recognise other systems of classification. The Marxs perspective only views the classes between employer and employee as a substantial system of classification, and others like; religion, race, and nation, are not included. The reasons behind this being that, Marx believed these social influences were not natural or useful to humans. It is in the relationship between work and sport that socialist sport theorists draw a strong association. A basic physical relationship is seen between work and sport, in so much that fundamental forms of work activity are repeated in the motor movements of sport. Although the technical development of society is now at a stage where elite sport as a preparation for productive work is no longer necessary in the manner that Marx envisaged it, the approach supporting the relationship between production and sport still exists even though a certain degree of independence is now granted to sporting activity. Through these similarities, sport was used as a capitalist control tool. As shown by Delany T and Madigan T (2009), Karl Marx said that religion is the opiate of the masses, this is means that Marx saw religion as a way of dulling the pain of reality by encouraging a feeling that no matter how oppressed of unfulfilled the working class may be, there will be a joyous afterlife for thos e who endure such inequalities on earth. Since then, a Marxist perspective from Hoch (1972) said that, Five generations ago, Karl Marx called religion the opiate of the masses. Today that role has been taken over by sports. He suggested that people were more concerned by baseball and football scores than the Vietnam War at the time. Both views relate, as both are social institutions within society, and the realisation that sports is in the age of the spectator and consumer, giving an escape from reality that some people crave during everyday life. The bourgeois as a social class, is defined by Marx as those with ownership of capital and power. Therefore, they do not agree with the Marxism concept, simply because a communist society would not be beneficial to them in anyway, showing that those with power and influence do not wish to share or lose it. Sport, just like society, is an ever changing institution that has grew and moved on with the times. Sport is not the same kind of activity in the advanced capitalist societies of the late twentieth century as it was in the pre-capitalist societies of the seventeenth century. As Jones (1988) states, in the early stages of industrialisation sports was a diversion, but more than that, it was linked to rules and hierarchies of an established social order, as well as often a release from them. The society reinforcing sport was very different to todays democratic interests and commercialised lifestyle. By the twentieth century football has become structured and pacified, despite the hooligan element. It has become a spectator sport, controlled on a national basis and is a fundamental aspect of todays consumer culture. It is a necessary distraction in their lives. For millions of people, participation in sport offers an escape from the hard work of everyday life, and something that they be nefit from. For many others, watching sport live or more so these days, on television, gives both a release from workday stresses and allows a straightforward and easy identification with sports athletes or sports clubs which offer them satisfaction in their lives. Football related disorder, or what it is more commonly known as, football hooliganism, is a kind of behaviour ranging from verbal abuse and aggressive posturing through to rioting and even murder. Such things have been a regular topic of many books, DVDs, web sites, digital games, features films and documentaries in the UK over the last two decades. Although this subject has been portrayed in many ways in recent history, it is a very real concept, and can be explained by many theorists relating to sociological issues. As shown by (Dunning, E. Murphy, P. Williams, J. 1986) the early works of Ian Taylor, from a Marxist point of view, states that the rise of the football hooligan stems from the boursification and internationalisation of the game, and that clubs used to be the working mans voice or resistance movement against the middle class groups seeking to gain control and to implement their middle class values on society. It was believed that spectacularisation of the game through p re match shows, better seating and increased commercialisation alienated the working class fans. A largely similar approach was developed by Clarke (1978), he argued that hooliganism originated in the way in which the traditional forms of football watching encounter the professionalization and spectacularization of the game, saying it was a consequence of the changing relationship of its audience and the game. He also believed that due to some sub cultural differences, young working class males needed to resolve essential conflict in their lives, so in turn choose hooliganism. Over recent years, professionalism has been increasingly associated with sporting organisations. Clubs and sporting organisations must perform well financially, or at the very least remain viable, if they want to survive in the highly competitive world of commercialised sport. Elite sport has developed into a business that demands nothing less than specific, professional preparation. As Shilbury and Deane (2001) suggests, institutions must now conform to commercial process of professionalism, which give emphasis to minimalist inputs, business decision making and a keen awareness of the financial interests of the shareholders. Wilson. B (2007) argues that sport has become increasing globalised and transnationalised to a point where it is possible to analyse a team or individual athlete from any country in the world and be constantly updated of their activities, even from the side of the planet. He also points out the effects that it has on the sport related cultures around the world, not to mention the increasingly realized potential and means of promotion of a capitalist agenda. This shows the capability of the media and the internet to internationalise or globalise almost any brand, allowing a capitalist ideology to be explored globally. In sport today there is an unhealthy and unequal distribution of resources, this can easily be seen when comparing economic growth between sports in Britain. For instance, football in Britain far exceeds any other sport in economic growth and in media coverage. You only have to look at the sports section in almost any newspaper in the UK, to see that is dominated by football. This is especially true when you consider the number of games broadcasted across television and the increasing need for internet streaming, all of which results in a huge financial difference between football and other sports in the UK. Burke (1999, 2005) suggests that Gramsci identified two rather distinct forms of political control, domination and hegemony. The domination refers to direct physical force by authorities, and hegemony, which referred to both ideological control and more importantly, consent. He assumed that no rule, regardless of how authoritarian it might be, could sustain itself continuously through state power and force. In the long run, it had to have popular support and legality in order to maintain stability. Even in real life today, the capitalist governing body are desperately seeking a revival to the current economic crisis, and are looking to economic business for recovery. As Woods (2009) proposed, the governing class are concerned about the social and political effects of the economic situation. Thats why they invest huge sums of money into the economy, which creates exceptionally large levels of debt. As people know, sooner or later these debts must be repaid, and that in itself is a rec ipe for an enormous crisis in the future. The theory of class conflict explains the human social history between two classes, the exploiting and the exploited. As Marx explained, in the interests of the bourgeois, ownership of the means of production enables them to employ a system of exploitation to a large mass of wage workers, the proletariat, and usually out of necessity the workers go along with this system as they have no means of livelihood other than to sell their labour to the property owners. Marxists argue that new wealth is created through work, therefore if someone gains wealth that they did not work for, and then someone else has to work for it and they do not receive the full wealth created by their work. In other words, that someone else is exploited. This is how the capitalist bourgeois might turn a large profit by exploiting workers. An example of this is shown in work by Hickman (2010) where it is suggested that many of todays top brands such as; Nike, Puma and Adidas, were found to be exploiting low wage labour workers from developing countries to a means of economic production. This can also be shown in sport through the form of child labour, which gained a lot of attention recently when extensive media coverage reported that sporting goods manufacturers were using underage child labour in a range of developing countries, the children were paid much less than the minimum wage and were used to manufacture footballs and football merchandise. The news was extremely damaging to the sporting goods industry, especially because the children would never have the chance to use any of the equipment manufactured in the factories. This evidence shows that children are being openly exploited in the sports industry and that large divisions of the industry remain unregulated. As shown by Keys (2010), child exploitation has been ongoing since the late eighteenth century, just to sustain the capitalist class and produce their economic surplus value. The theory of Marxism does contain strengths and weaknesses in relation to todays society. As is derived from Marxist principles, the increase in production in all areas of socialist life is extremely important to the success of socialism. Physical education contributes effectively towards increasing the total work output of the socialist community. The progressive development of socialism depends upon the socialist consciousness of each individual. Sport provides a good means for the development of political assurance because of the possibilities it provides for social training. Marxism can be also be viewed in a good light simply because some people, like to know there place in society as it gives them a sense of the order of things, it also gives good opportunity for personal growth. Although, the Marxist concept does show a number of weaknesses, especially as some of their views may be outdated in todays society. The industrial proletariat described by Marx is undeniably a threat ened species, particularly in western societies, in which heavy manual labour is increasingly a thing of the past. To the extent that most adults can be described as workers in terms of their relationship to the means of production, Marxs original understanding of the idea of a working class becomes less tenable. Students relate how their parents have worked all their lives. That they also earn large amounts of money and acquire considerable social status from their occupations, so this does not necessarily invalidate the claim that they are, workers. The Marxist perspective also ignores the possibility that spectatorship or participation in sport can empower individuals within capitalist societies. Furthermore Marxism only gives an exclusive focus on economic factors and underplays the significance of non economic types of conflict, for example; gender, race, age, sexual orientation and ethnicity.