Howard Gardners Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence The next time you walk into a classroom full of students leaping mid-air, painting passionately, singing soulfully, or writing madly, its likely you have Howard Gardners groundbreaking  Frame of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences  to thank. When Gardners theory on multiple intelligences came out in 1983, it radically transformed teaching and learning in the U.S. and around the world with the notion that  there is more than one way to learn -   in fact, there are at least eight! The theory was a huge departure from the more traditional banking method of education in which the teacher simply deposits knowledge into the learners mind and the learner must receive, memorize and repeat.   Instead, Gardner broke open the idea that a disengaged learner might learn better by using a different form of intelligence, defined as a biophysical potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of value in a culture. This defied the previous consensus on the existence of a single, general intelligence or g factor that could be easily tested. On the contrary, Gardners theory posits that each of us has at least one dominant intelligence that informs how we learn. Some of us are more verbal or musical. Others are more logical, visual, or kinesthetic. Some learners are highly introspective while others learn through social dynamics. Some learners are especially attuned to the natural world whereas others are deeply receptive to the spiritual world.   Gardners 8 Intelligence   What exactly are the eight types of intelligence  posited in Howard Gardners theory? The seven original intelligence  are:   Visual-Aesthetic  learners think in terms of physical space and like to read or visualize their words.  Bodily-Kinesthetic  learners are keenly aware of their physical bodies and like creative movement and making things with their hands.  Musical  learners are sensitive to all kinds of sound and often access learning through or from music, however, one may define it.  Intrapersonal  learners are introspective and reflective. They learn through independent study and self-guided experiences.  Interpersonal learners learn through social interaction with others and enjoy group dynamics, collaboration, and encounters.Linguistic learners love language and words and enjoy learning through verbal expression.Logical-Mathematical  learners think conceptually, logically, and mathematically about the world and enjoy exploring patterns and relationships.   In the mid-1990s, Gardner added an eighth intelligence:   Naturalistic  learners have a sensitivity to the natural world and can easily relate to plant and animal life, enjoying  patterns found in the environment.   Theory in Practice: Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom For many educators and parents working with learners who struggled in traditional classrooms, Gardners theory came as a relief. While a learners intelligence was previously questioned when he or she found it challenging to grasp concepts, the theory pushed educators to recognize that each student has myriad potential. Multiple intelligences served as a call to action to differentiate learning experiences in order to accommodate the multiple modalities in any given learning context. By modifying the content, process, and expectations for a final product, teachers and educators can reach learners who otherwise present as reluctant or incapable. A student may dread learning vocabulary through test-taking but lighten up when asked to dance, paint, sing, plant, or build.   The theory invites a great deal of creativity in teaching and learning and over the last 35 years, arts educators, in particular, have used the theory to develop arts-integrated curricula that acknowledge the power of artistic processes to produce and share knowledge across core subject areas. Arts integration took off as an approach to teaching and learning because it taps artistic processes not only as subjects in and of themselves but also as tools for processing knowledge in other subject areas. For example, a verbal, social learner lights up when they learn about conflict in stories through activities like theater. A logical, musical learner stays engaged when they learn about math through music production.   In fact, Gardners colleagues at Project Zero at Harvard University spent years researching the habits of artists at work in their studios to discover how artistic processes may inform best practices in teaching and learning. Lead researcher  Lois Hetland and her team identified eight Studio Habits of Mind that can be applied to learning across the curriculum at any age with any kind of learner. From learning to use tools and materials to engage with complex philosophical questions, these habits release learners from the fear of failure and focus instead on the pleasures of learning.   Are There Limits to Containing Multitudes?   Multiple intelligences invite limitless possibilities for teaching and learning, but one of the biggest challenges is determining a learners primary intelligences in the first place. While many of us have an  instinct about how we prefer to learn, being able to identify ones dominant learning style can be a lifelong process that requires experimentation and adaptation over time.   Schools in the United States, as a reflection of society at large, often place imbalanced value on linguistic or logical-mathematical intelligence, and learners with intelligence in other modalities risk getting lost, undervalued, or ignored. Learning trends like experiential learning, or ‘learning by doing’ attempts to counter and correct this bias by creating the conditions to tap as many intelligence as possible in the production of new knowledge. Educators sometimes lament a lack of partnership with families and note that unless the theory extends to learning at home, the methods don’t always hold in the classroom and learners continue to struggle against stacked expectations.   Gardner also warns against labeling learners with any given intelligence over another or implying unintended hierarchies of value among the eight types of intelligence. While each of us may lean toward one intelligence over another, we also have the potential to change and transform over time. Multiple intelligences applied to teaching and learning contexts should empower rather than limit learners. On the contrary, the theory of multiple intelligences radically expands our immense and untapped potential. In the spirit of Walt Whitman, multiple intelligences reminds us that we are complex, and we contain multitudes.   Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein is a poet, writer, and educator from Chicago, IL (USA) who currently splits her time in East Africa. Her essays on arts, culture, and education appear in Teaching Artist Journal, Art in the Public Interest, Teachers Writers Magazine, Teaching Tolerance, The Equity Collective, AramcoWorld, Selamta, The Forward, among others. Visit her website.

The Smartphone Market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Smartphone Market - Assignment Example Sellers constantly upgrade their phones to make it more attractive to the market. Indeed, the fast-changing dynamics of the contemporary market has made it very competitive. The buyers of smartphones are normally young professionals who need to avail its features to maintain an edge with their competitors. The teenagers want to flaunt their new gizmos. The cellphone market is not regulated by the government, except for copyright issues. Consequently, cell phones are not standardized. Â  The smartphone market does not compete on price but the advancing features are its main attractions. Thus, the ease of use, fast internet access with Wi-Fi features, high-resolution camera with a 3G facility, email, huge storage, and music have become some of its critical factors for the buyers. But with huge competition in the market, competing on features alone is not sufficient. Competitive pricing enables the firms to gain a significant advantage in the market. Apart from technical features, green features like using less energy, long battery life, emanating less harmful rays etc. attract customers who support environmental conservation.

Social and Economic Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social and Economic Development - Essay Example Every urban planner and developer has to take into consideration land zoning policies that in most cases, map the different land uses in a city. For example, these land zones indicate where the industries are to be located, where the central business district is to be situated or what land is designated for which public utilities. Furthermore, they must be very careful when determining the value of any land zone as different user will be willing to pay different prices for its utilization. The bid rent function is major determinants of the land rent and prices (Calthorpe & Fulton, 2001). This is because it illustrates how a firm or household is willing to pay for a land at different distances from the market place mostly the central business district. Urban planners must put into considerations pitfalls like the differentiating between public goods and private goods as well as the issue of externalities. Moreover, issues like education, water and sewerage service provisions, transport networks to the CBD to avoid traffic congestion and provision of health services to the urban population should be well planned for to avoid future conflict between the urban dwellers and the local government. Furthermore, proper taxation mechanisms should be structured and well outlined as this is the major source of income for these local governments and without them development and maintenance of the already existing infrastructures would be paralyzed or fail

Winston Churchill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Winston Churchill - Essay Example His thoughts and writings can be considered as an authority in the fields that he excelled in. At a glance Winston Churchill is a noted statesman, a known orator and strategist, a leader in different disciplines such as the British Army and a gifted writer of historical literature. The main purpose of the study undertaken is to be able to present the events in the life of Winston Churchill. This includes the achievements, teachings, struggles and the lessons that he made the people learn. All the pertinent data and information that can define him as a person are captured to be able to achieve an understanding of the life that he had led and the decisions that he had made. Winston Churchill was born in the Oxformshire, England, United Kingdom on the 30th of November 1874. He is the son of an English father, Lord Randolph Churchill and an American mother. He is of British nationality that made his contributions to the society until the 24th of January in 1965 when he died at the age of 90 at the Hyde Park, London in England. He is a descendant of the Spencer-Churchill lineage with George Spencer, the Duke of Marlborough, which is his ancestor and his father which is the son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough and also a politician. On the other hand, his mother, Jennie Jerome, the daughter of an American millionaire named Leonard Jerome. John Strange Spencer-Churchill is his only sibling (Frenz 1969). He was educated at the Harrow and Sandhurst. As a student he can be considered to not conform to the rules thus he is commonly reprimanded. Though this is the case it is the harrow School where he started his military career in 1888 when he joined the Harrow Ri fle Corps. He also studied in the Royal Military Academy which took him 3 admission tries to be able to be admitted but graduated raking 8th in class in December 1894. The said achievement earned him a position as Second Lieutenant in the 4th Queen's Own Hussars in 1895 (Frenz 1969). Upon further observation though, the young Winston Churchill excelled in a number of fields such as the Literary English and History. Even in sports the said leader is also a fencing champion. Although this is the case, his enthusiasm in studying is below average which can be related to the speech impediment that he possessed. The said difficulty in speaking had not been a hindrance to the achievements that he had accomplished in his career and his life. The said impediment is considered by some groups as stammering and some as lisping. Winston Churchill is married to Clementine Hozier in 1908 with 5 children namely Diana Churchill (1909), Randolph Spencer Churchill (1911), Sarah Churchill (1914), Marig old Frances Churchill (1918, four days after the end of WWI and died in 1921) and Mary Churchill (1922) (Frenz 1969; Mauter 1998). Winston Churchill excelled in a variety of fields, thus, he can be considered as one of the most prominent characters in modern United Kingdom and the English Region. The army career can be considered as one of the important contribution of W. Churchill on the basis of the fact that he had held essential positions through the short stay in the said discipline. He acquired the position of the Conservative Member of Parliament in the year 1900. In addition, he had been responsible to other essential roles in the Liberal and Conservative governments during the early decades of the century. During WWII, he became First Lord of the Admiralty which is a reappointment from 1911-15. In addition to the said roles, his military career also made him participate in different events. One of which is the battle in the Northwest Frontier with the Malakand Field

QAs on organisational culture and change

QAs on organisational culture and change Enriching Jobs at Standard Decoy – Questions and Answers How did the â€Å"odd Ducks† program enrich the jobs at standard Decoy? The â€Å"Standard Decoy† company in Witchell was famous for making traditional wooden hunting trap since 1927. After taking the charge of his inherited business, Stewart Alcorn, grandson of Cyrus Witchell, wanted to increase the productivity of individual worker which was staying in a monotonous position for ten years. He noticed that most of his employees worked casually with no improvement and they do not feel any enjoyment and enthusiasm in their work. After surveying the whole situation at the company, he started the job rotation technique and appointed some highly eligible workers to guide and help the co –workers for better improvement and to bring a little bit enthusiasm in their work. But, when all are in vain, he eventually noticed that one of the rough cutter whittling some blocks of wood with an ordinary knife in an incorrect process and it looked surprisingly like a duck in an odd way and the paint that he made make it even odder. When the handmade ducks na med as â€Å"Odd Ducks† was prepared for selling, the customers were gladly accepted the odd ducks as fine tuning product of handmade. This program gradually increased the net production and the workers made it even better by applying the company’s tools and materials and thus enriched the jobs at Standard Decoy. What motivated workers to participate in making the odd Ducks? The process of hand making odd ducks was more simpler than before and it was made at any spare time and the cost of production is very low and time saving and also, the workers also got the opportunity to show their skills in making the crafts and brought them home to display on their mantels in spite of the precise amount of income. Managing Stress and Work Life Balance – Questions and Answers What signs of stress was Larry Field exhibiting? The reflection of signs of stress was began to exhibit on Larry Field when he was plan to marry Alice Shiflette, class valedictorian with over confidence of his low paid job as survey crew under a local surveyor, William Loude. But, a year later when their first child was born, Larry was afraid of how to care the baby as Alice was also doing a full time day job as a secretary in a local company and moreover, he himself wasn’t making much money. To reduce his mental stress, he enjoyed playing basketball and spending some times on the softball field with his high school buddies. But, that was not good enough to reduce his stress and that’s why he asked Mr. Loude for promotion and eventually he got the offer and after two months, he was given the post of the crew chief more surprisingly with a jump in salary. But, it was also scared him as he was neither ambitious or curious nor good enough to run the instruments he handled and every morning when he woke up, it made him te rrified. Every night, he was spent with a night mare of insecurity that he was appointed a job which was not suitable for his basic knowledge and moreover, highly educated crew members were appointed as juniors under him. All the time he was so tensed and scared that he was frequently stumble his own words and turned his face red while he was stammering. His co-workers were offended with him as he was addicted to smoking and motivated them to do this. The situation also became tensed at home as Alice have to give up her full time job with a night job to take care the baby and he realised that he had to spend his day at drinking, worrying about the next day and look after his baby at night. How was Larry Field trying to cope with his stress? Larry Field was trying to cope with his stress by playing basketball and spending some times on the softball field with his high school buddies. He was also enjoyed smoking to reduce his work stress. He should overcome his unhealthy situation by searching a job that was suitable for him in all respect rather than engaging himself in stress of addiction and also a consultation with his wife might be lead to a better life. Organizational Culture: How would you describe the organization culture at Plant World? Definition of organization culture is imparting of the flavour of the concepts. The characteristics of organization are to focus on ideology norms, and customs, share values. It is a kind of pattern of basic assumption that discovered or rather developed by group. A winning plant culture is simple and introduces following three areas: Serve the customer Grow the business Develop employees How large can such a company get before it needs to change its culture and structure? By proper leadership and to maintain some following steps can increase plan culture: Three to four guiding principles defines the position of an employee: Sr. Leader has a capability to define in simple terms about the organization. For example a company have a culture marked by mistrust and destructive internal competition but after coming new leadership will change their work culture in Plant to build up a personal relationship and to think about the customer, about their organization etc. Use principle to guide each and every business discussion and discussion going forward: After implement the new guiding principle use those to all business discussion and decision. By build up the principle to all the employees, will grow the employee’s performance and management system: Leader must be aware of that his people and performance management system measured and reward behaviour consistence with guiding principle. Leadership action is a key to improve work culture of a plant. To create a 2-3 leadership development experience which will reinforce behaviours and values consistent with principle and insist all leader to attend : Leader always have a capability to convert the principle into action which only can reinforce to change behaviour other also. Stay the course with patience: If a leader always do lecture in classroom or any meeting that will not help in practical field to change behaviour of employees or others. A proper leader must have capability to convert his word into work. If attendance saw the leadership principles and values that were discussed in classroom or else being lived out in a daily basis in the field will impact their behaviour and improve the cultural side in a plant. Organizational Change and Development Is organizational development appropriate in this situation? Why or why not? Organizational development in the mentioned case is visible in the endeavor of the introduction of the computer in the working pattern or the system of the project that would not only ensure more systematic way of operations but also at the same time the time of the employees will also be more effectively used. However this development could have been more all rounded had the employees been communicated more elaborately regarding the positive effects of the introduction of the computer system. What kind of resistance to change have the employees of the project displayed? The employees of the project had shown considerable amount of negative reaction to the introduction of the computer system. The excerpt clearly reveals the resistance of the employees towards the introduction of the computer. The employees who have been till then acquainted with a working style that was more manual in nature which covered jobs such as mailing, addressing envelopes or work that required typing found it to be rather uncomfortable in getting acclimatized to the use of the computer system in doing in their daily responsibilities. The employees hence were of the opinion that the sue of the computer might could lead to many confusions in their work and many mistakes could be committed in their daily work output if they opted for the use of the computer for their daily work functions. What can Martin Welk do to overcome this resistance? The only way that Welsh can actually overcome the resistance is by training the employees of the project in the use of the computer. Once the employees starts getting a hands on training in the use of the machine that they will be able to resolve all the problems that they had thought would appear in their process of getting converted to the sue of the computer in their daily jobs. Once again, only by using the machine in their day to day work functions that will the employees be able to fully realize the efficiency that could be brought into their working style by the use of the computer.

Gunslingers :: essays research papers

Gunslingers The wall beside Gerard exploded as a high velocity bullet struck the already heavily battered bricks and sent them shattering outwards in a spray of red shards. Gerard stood still, one hand casually flicking the ignition wheel on his lighter. As he lit the end of his cigarette, another volley of bullets stuck the wall behind which he was hiding. Bullet holes riddled it like holes in a Swiss cheese, and the cover was becoming steadily more useless. He took a puff and tucked the black lighter back into the pocket of his trench coat. He put two fingers to the cigarette and removed it from his lips to breath out the slow stream of smoke whilst his opponent continued to waste his bullets and his time shooting aimlessly at Gerard. A row of bullets riddled the wall five feet to his right and he called out, â€Å"Hey, nearly got me that time.† In a mocking voice. His enemy muttered a curse and Gerard heard the sound of footsteps approaching. The cowardly bastard had called for backup. Oh well, the more the merrier. A fresh stream of shots, this time from a multi-barreled rotary cannon spat out along Gerard’s cover. He watched with casual indifference as the red brick wall slowly disintegrated around him, slowly reducing his cover to just the tiny section of masonry that he hid behind. There was an ominous silence broken only by the sudden thump as an entire section of wall collapsed to the ground. Gerard heard the sound of one of his adversaries reloading their weapon. He dropped the cigarette on the ground and stamped it out with his boot. He reached within his trench coat and withdrew a shining silver revolver. He slowly and almost carelessly loaded one shot after another into the weapon, occasionally jerking his head to one side as a stray bullet clipped the edge of the wall. As he placed the last shot in the ancient weapon he spun the wheel and gripped the handle. He then paused for a moment until his opponent’s clip ran dry again and he heard the sound of the rotary cannon be ing loaded again. Gerard took one step to the left and with barely a glance calculated exactly how far his opponents were from him. In the same fluid motion as he completely removed himself from cover, he leveled the revolver at the two enforcers across the deserted plaza from him and squeezed the trigger.

Ethics Game Dilemmas Essay

After completing the ethics games and answering the questions regarding two different dilemma faced by the company G-BioSports, I have compiled this report to present the issues that were brought up in both scenarios. The situations were taken from the point of view of the Associate Director of Operations if the company and the goal was to enforce the company policies, keep the company safe from any lawsuits, act fairly, and come up with the best solution for all parties involved. It is well known that what is legal may or may not be ethical (Trevino, 2011). According to Loyola Marymount University, there is a three-step strategy to resolve ethical problems. Step one is to analyze the consequences, step two analyze the actions, and step three to make a decision. (Loyola, 2009) Mysterious Blogger The ethical dilemma faced by G-BioSports is that one of the employees has been posting blogs regarding company products and safety procedures. However, none of the blog posts were particularl y harmful to the company. This issue is ranked one of the â€Å"ten issues raised by IT capabilities.† The issue is privacy: does information’s availability justify its use? (techrepublic.com, 2006) The subsequent issue involved an anonymous email sent by an IT employee named Jamal Moore. He bypassed company security procedures to illegally access company intranet and track blogging from a home PC, as well as sending an anonymous email to expose the blogger. After further review of all email documents, the next step was to determine what company policies had been undermined by these actions. In regards to the anonymous email sent by Jamal, company policy states that â€Å"email transmissions sent outside of our intranet raise confidentiality concerns.† As well as, â€Å"There is a legitimate concern about the security of external email.† Jamal is therefore breaking the company code of conduct for using company resources on his home computer, as well as bypassing security protocols due to his IT knowledge. Aaron also violated the company’s Confidential Information section of policy which reads, â€Å"Also, employees may not discuss the company’s business, information, or prospects in any chat room, or web log (blog), regardless of whether t hey use their own name or a pseudonym.† These policies show that Aaron’s actions violate the contractual agreement forbidding him to expose company information, even if it is for a non-threatening purpose. Both cases should result in some form of disciplinary action. In order to fairly justify the disciplinary action  performed all parties involved must be identified, ranking them from highest to lowest impact. After analyzing the effects on all people involved, diagnosing and comparing possible solutions to disciplinary measures must be tackled. The final step would be in implementing the best course of action which meets all goals and would best suite our company and its values. It was helpful when reviewing each solution, to choose an ethical perspective or lens to identify the best course of action from a non-personal standpoint. When evaluating the situation, I examined each of the different perspectives of each ethical lens and how our company’s values could be incorporated into each lens. The Rights and Responsibility lens best fit our company’s overall position on ethical issues (Trevino, 2011). Veiled ID The second ethical simulation examines different aspects of diversity and corporate ethical standards. The incident involved a former employee break-in to company premises and assaulting a current employee who was hospitalized. New security measures need to be implemented in order to prevent any future security breaches. The decision was made to create security measures that will require all employees to carry a photo ID badge to grant access into company facilities. Aisha Mullah, a valued employee for many years, has an ethical inquiry about the photo ID system. Aisha practices the Muslim faith and it is a strict religious requirement that her face must be covered at all times, including in photos. The ethical issue at hand is how to develop a security policy that protects the safety of our employees and accommodates anyone with special needs similar to hers. G-BioSports new security measures should improve employee safety as well as create a good work environment for success. The first step in the decision making process is determining the ethical issue or dilemma. In Aisha’s case, the implementation of photo ID’s for security purposes will create a problem due to her religious beliefs. G-BioSports code of ethics guidelines states, Equal Employment Opportunity and Diversity that, â€Å"Promoting diversity within our workforce is important†. It also states â€Å"G-BioSports strictly prohibits discrimination or harassment on the basis of gender, gender identity, race, color, veteran status, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, mental, or physical disability†. After thorough evaluation of all possible ethical perspectives and issues, I believe the  relationship lens is the correct procedure to follow. This lens would tell us that because our relationship with our employees is necessary to maintain a safe, productive, and morally structured environment we need to take special needs of employees in consideration. This employee needs leniency on the security policy in order to maintain her religious views, but the rest of the company would still follow the ID policy. This way the group as a whole will benefit from the security measures and the relationship with the employee with special needs will be satisfied. Any future ethical problems that arise can be handled in a similar way and employees will feel comfortab le presenting issues they are experiencing with management. Personal Relation The ethical issues that were discussed related to my company in that many employees of my company are from different cultural backgrounds, religions, and have different sexual preferences. Discrimination is definitely something that could be a major problem with the group of individuals that work for the company but the accepting policies and procedures allow for everyone to fit in and feel comfortable. There is no need to hide anything about our personal background in order to get the job or to keep your current without being discriminated against. References Loyola Marymount University. (2009). Resolving an ethical dilemma. Retrieved from http://www.lmu.edu/Page27945.aspx Techrepublic.com. (August 15, 2006. 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers. Retrieved from http://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-ethical-issues-confronting-it-managers/6105942 Trevino, L.K. & Nelson, K.A. (2011). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.